Nepal earthquake, 2015
The Gorkha earthquake occurred on the India–Eurasia collision boundary. Ground shaking affected settlements and destabilised steep slopes.
Case studies and evidence
A case requirement describes what you need to study. A place or event is the example you use to meet it.
These are bounded evidence exercises. They do not replace every dimension of a school’s taught case study.
See your saved examples and requirement coverage
Haiti earthquake, 2010
The 12 January earthquake affected a densely occupied urban area. USGS/EERI reconnaissance examined buildings, ground conditions and infrastructure across several damaged communities.
Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, 2011
An offshore earthquake generated a tsunami that affected a long coastal stretch. Coastal inundation and earthquake shaking are different hazards with different footprints.
Eyjafjallajökull eruption, 2010
The April eruption beneath an ice-covered volcano produced an ash plume and meltwater flooding. NASA reported evacuations associated with rapidly increasing river flow.
Typhoon Haiyan, 2013
Haiyan combined destructive winds with coastal storm surge. NOAA’s retrospective discusses its exceptional intensity and uncertainty in early surge estimates.
Hurricane Katrina, 2005
Katrina illustrates the combination of hurricane winds, storm surge and exposure on the Gulf Coast. NOAA’s anniversary account places the event within the unusually active 2005 season.
Somerset flooding, 2013–14
Persistent winter rainfall caused prolonged flooding on low-lying land. The Met Office attributes the wet season to interacting atmospheric conditions, with climate change increasing moisture capacity as a secondary contribution.
Boscastle flood and channel improvements
Torrential rain on 16 August 2004 produced a rapid flood that damaged homes, businesses and transport. The Environment Agency’s retrospective describes changes to the Valency and Jordan.
Carlisle during Storm Desmond
Carlisle flooded on 5 and 6 December 2015. The statutory investigation combines resident accounts, surveys, observations and rainfall/river telemetry.
Jubilee flood relief channel
The Environment Agency opened the Jubilee flood relief channel in 2002 as part of the Maidenhead, Windsor and Eton scheme. It diverts some flood flow through an additional channel.
Slowing the flow at Pickering
Pickering’s catchment project uses measures intended to store water and delay its passage towards the town. Forest Research provides monitoring and an assessment of the Boxing Day 2015 event.
Managed realignment at Medmerry
Medmerry moved the defence line inland and allowed an area to become intertidal habitat. The completed scheme was celebrated in November 2013.
Dawlish railway resilience
Winter storms damaged the coastal railway in 2014. Its closure affected connections between the South West and the wider rail network.
Amazon forest conversion
NASA’s historical account links forest conversion to agriculture, roads and wider economic incentives. Cattle ranching and commercial crop production create demands for cleared land.
Forest and plantations in Kalimantan
NASA’s 2012 image account describes forest replacement by palm oil plantations and roads in Kalimantan. A regular plantation pattern differs from irregular natural forest cover.
Costa Rica’s forest carbon payments
Costa Rica’s World Bank country page describes payments linked to verified forest emission reductions. This provides a case for evaluating conservation incentives.
Nature-based tourism in Rwanda
The World Bank’s 2023 economic update examines nature-based tourism, jobs and conservation. It also identifies degraded natural assets and limits to expanding particular attractions.
Wolves and ecosystem management in Yellowstone
Wolf reintroduction restored a predator to Yellowstone in the 1990s. National Park Service research examines relationships among wolves, prey, other carnivores and vegetation.
Desert springs in Death Valley
Groundwater reaching the surface forms springs that support habitats within a dry landscape. Some pupfish populations occupy only a few springs.
Permafrost thaw and Denali’s park road
Thawing ice-rich ground destabilised a section of Denali’s road. NPS’s 2025 account explains the decision to bridge the active landslide rather than continually repair the slipping road.
Glacier retreat in Montana
NPS reports that every named glacier in the park became smaller between 1966 and 2015. Repeated imagery and field measurements provide different ways to monitor change.
Nigeria: growth and household outcomes
The April 2026 Nigeria Development Update describes improved macroeconomic stability alongside persistent pressure on household incomes and poverty.
Bus rapid transit in Lagos
Lagos’s bus rapid transit system supplies a bounded example of improving access within a large city. Dedicated infrastructure and organised services can change journey costs and reliability.
Rio de Janeiro: transport and fiscal reform
A 2023 World Bank programme links fiscal management and sustainable development, including improving the BRT operating model with attention to poorer users.
Mumbai’s suburban railway
World Bank documentation identifies the suburban railway as central to Mumbai’s movement of people. Transport upgrades address pressure on an existing system in a growing metropolitan region.
Bristol’s clean air zone
Bristol charges non-compliant vehicles entering its clean air zone, with exemptions and support described by the council. The intervention aims to improve air quality.
Changing land use along Glasgow’s Clyde
Glasgow’s 2021 waterfront framework describes the river’s transition from an industrial focus towards mixed residential, commercial, leisure and other uses.
Olympic Park regeneration in East London
The London Legacy Development Corporation was established to manage regeneration following the 2012 Games. Its remit included transforming the Olympic Park into a lasting part of the city.
Singapore’s diversified water supply
PUB describes four supply sources: local catchment water, imported water, reclaimed NEWater and desalinated water. Diversification reduces reliance on a single supply pathway.
The shrinking Aral Sea
River diversions for irrigation reduced inflow to the Aral Sea from the 1960s. NASA’s image series shows changing extent and the separation of northern and southern water bodies.
Adapting livelihoods in the Mekong Delta
The World Bank describes adaptation to flooding, salinity and other pressures in the delta. Some coastal farmers alternate rice during fresher conditions with shrimp during saline periods.
Bangladesh’s coastal polders
Low-lying coastal polders depend on embankments and drainage. The World Bank’s 2022 account describes rehabilitation to address tidal flooding, storm surge and salinity.
Solar home systems in Bangladesh
Bangladesh’s solar home system programme expanded electricity access away from the national grid. The World Bank’s 2021 account records its scale and financing experience.
Concentrated solar power at Noor Ouarzazate
The Noor complex provides an example of concentrated solar power financed by several development institutions. Mirrors concentrate solar energy to supply heat used in electricity production.
Hornsea One offshore wind
The government’s 2016 announcement described the planned Hornsea One project and its electrical capacity. Offshore siting links wind resources with marine space, cable connections and maintenance access.
Flood resilience in Can Tho
The World Bank’s January 2026 results account describes flood defences and green corridors delivered through the 2016–2024 urban development project.
Viet Nam and global value chains
The World Bank’s 2024 trade report examines how Viet Nam can retain more value through stronger links between exporting firms and domestic suppliers.
Mining and development in Peru
A March 2026 World Bank announcement describes a project intended to modernise geological information, permitting and institutions for Peru’s mining sector.
Cape Town’s water-security crisis
The World Bank’s 2018 water partnership report describes severe drought and advice on diversifying supply, including groundwater, reuse and desalination.
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