Development indicators and unequal change
Compare income, services and population denominators across two periods.
Development indicators and unequal change
Original fictional unfamiliar-resource pack. Work across the resources; each describes the same teaching scenario. This is not an official examination paper or a real project forecast.
Two-period indicators
| Place | Income per person in constant units, period 1 | Income per person in constant units, period 2 | Population, period 1 | Population, period 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aster | 2100 | 2700 | 450000 | 490000 |
| Bela | 3200 | 3500 | 260000 | 330000 |
| Corda | 2000 | 2900 | 220000 | 280000 |
Resource description
Constant units are fictional purchasing-power-adjusted units with the same base period. They are not exchange-rate dollars or real national statistics.
Access and distribution in period 2
| Place | Households with reliable water (%) | Income received by richest 20% of households (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Aster | 81 | 41 |
| Bela | 71 | 43 |
| Corda | 60 | 50 |
Resource description
An income share is different from the proportion of households described. These figures alone do not provide a complete inequality index.
Management alternatives
| Option | Capital cost (£ million) | Benefit | Limitation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Improve reliable water supply | 6.5 | Can improve health and reduce time spent collecting water | Requires maintenance and equitable access |
| Vocational education and employment access | 4.8 | May widen income opportunities | Jobs and participation barriers also matter |
| Market access and storage | 7.5 | Can connect producers to buyers and reduce losses | Benefits may concentrate among larger businesses |
Resource description
Available capital budget: £8 million. Options are alternatives; their benefits cannot simply be added. Operating costs are separate.
Options
Improve reliable water supply
Capital cost: £6.5 million
Can improve health and reduce time spent collecting water
Requires maintenance and equitable access
Vocational education and employment access
Capital cost: £4.8 million
May widen income opportunities
Jobs and participation barriers also matter
Market access and storage
Capital cost: £7.5 million
Can connect producers to buyers and reduce losses
Benefits may concentrate among larger businesses
Stakeholder statements
Household representative: A national average does not describe our access to services.
Small producer: I need affordable access to markets, not only a larger regional output.
Public finance officer: Operating and maintenance costs continue after construction.
Limits of this resource model
- The places and indicators are fictional.
- A rising average alone cannot establish broad-based improvement.